Define "scatterometer".

A scatterometer is specifically designed to measure wind speed and direction over the ocean's surface. It does this by sending microwave radar pulses towards the water and analyzing the backscatter, or reflections, from waves on the surface. This data allows meteorologists to gather valuable information about the wind patterns and behaviors, which is essential for weather forecasting and studying oceanographic phenomena.

While other options describe various meteorological instruments or methods, they are not accurate representations of a scatterometer's function. For instance, some options refer to temperature or humidity measurement tools, which serve entirely different purposes. The scatterometer's unique capability to assess wind conditions from a satellite perspective makes it a vital component in meteorology and oceanography.