How are air masses primarily categorized?

Air masses are primarily categorized based on their moisture content and temperature, which are the two fundamental characteristics that determine their behavior and influence on weather patterns. The moisture content indicates whether the air mass is humid (moist) or dry, while the temperature determines whether the air mass is warm or cold. These classifications help meteorologists understand how an air mass might interact with the geographical areas it moves over and predict corresponding weather conditions.

For instance, a maritime tropical air mass is warm and moist, typically bringing humid weather, while a continental polar air mass is cold and dry, often associated with clear and chilly conditions. This system of classification allows for detailed weather forecasting and better understanding of atmospheric processes.