How does El Niño affect global weather patterns?

El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This warming significantly impacts global weather patterns, primarily by altering atmospheric circulation. During an El Niño event, the normal trade winds weaken, which changes the distribution of warm water across the Pacific. As a result, regions that typically experience dry conditions may see increased rainfall, leading to flooding, while other areas that generally have wet conditions may experience drought.

The shift in precipitation patterns can have wide-reaching effects, influencing weather in various parts of the world, including North America, South America, and even regions as far as Africa and Asia. For example, during strong El Niño years, the southern United States often experiences wetter conditions, while regions like Southeast Asia may face drought.

Understanding the effects of El Niño is crucial for forecasting weather events, preparing for potential natural disasters, and managing agricultural practices. As such, the correct answer highlights the relationship between El Niño and warmer sea surface temperatures, emphasizing its role in shifting precipitation patterns globally.