How is extreme turbulence characterized?

Extreme turbulence is characterized as violent because it involves rapid and severe changes in aircraft altitude and attitude, which can lead to a significant loss of control. During such turbulence, passengers can be thrown against their seatbelts, and unsecured objects can become hazardous projectiles. This type of turbulence typically occurs in severe weather conditions, such as thunderstorms or near mountainous terrain where strong vertical wind currents are present.

The distinction between various levels of turbulence is crucial for flight safety and passenger comfort. While terms like occasional or intermittent describe turbulence that may vary in intensity and duration, they do not convey the severity associated with extreme turbulence. Similarly, moderate turbulence is defined as providing a less intense experience where aircraft control is still manageable and passengers might feel a slight strain but are generally safe and comfortable. Therefore, the intensity and involuntary reactions associated with extreme turbulence set it apart and affirm its characterization as violent.