What process can lead to air mass modification?

Air masses can be modified as they move over different surfaces and environments, which is a key concept in meteorology related to the behavior of air masses. When an air mass travels, it can encounter various terrain, such as oceans, mountains, urban areas, forests, or deserts. These surfaces impart characteristics to the air mass due to differences in temperature, humidity, and physical properties.

For example, if a cold air mass moves over a warm ocean, it can absorb heat and moisture, becoming warmer and more humid. Conversely, if that same air mass moves over a desert, it will lose moisture and can become drier and warmer. This transformation alters the properties of the air mass, impacting weather patterns and local climate.

The other choices do touch on relevant factors that affect climate and weather but do not directly explain the immediate modification of air masses themselves. Temperature changes during sunlight exposure primarily affect the surface but do not account for the interaction between air masses and diverse surfaces. Ocean currents may influence overall climate patterns over time but do not directly modify air masses as they move across local areas. Similarly, seasonal changes in atmospheric pressure can affect weather patterns but are not a direct mechanism for modifying the characteristics of an air mass in transit.